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NEUROLOGIA DZIECIĘCA

Pismo Polskiego Towarzystwa Neurologów Dziecięcych

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Zaburzenia snu w zespole nadpobudliwości psychoruchowej z deficytem uwagi


Sleep disorders in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder




Pracownia Polisomnografii i Badań Snu Dzieci i Młodzieży
Katedra i Klinika Neurologii Wieku Rozwojowego
Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Karola Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu


Neurol Dziec 2008; 17, 34: 49-54
Pełen tekst artykułu PDF Zaburzenia snu w zespole nadpobudliwości psychoruchowej z deficytem uwagi



STRESZCZENIE
Zespół nadpobudliwości psychoruchowej z deficytem uwagi – Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) jest częstym zaburzeniem neuropsychiatrycznym występującym we wczesnym dzieciństwie, którego osiowymi objawami są deficyty uwagi i nadmierna impulsywność oraz związane z nią objawy nadpobudliwości ruchowej. W ostatnich latach obserwujemy wzrost zainteresowania związkami pomiędzy zaburzeniami snu u dzieci a ADHD. Celem opracowania było przedstawienie wzajemnych powiązań pomiędzy zaburzeniami snu i ADHD. Wiele badań wskazuje na wysoką częstość występowania problemów ze snem u dzieci z ADHD. Objawy ADHD są bardzo zbliżone do objawów opisywanych jako skutki częściowej deprywacji snu oraz zaburzeń snu, takich jak zaburzenia oddychania podczas snu i inne. Częstość występowania zaburzeń snu u dzieci z ADHD ocenia się na 25–50%, najczęściej dotyczy to zaburzeń oddychania podczas snu, zespołu niespokojnych nóg oraz okresowych ruchów kończyn podczas snu. Objawy takie, jak deficyty uwagi i nadmierna impulsywność oraz nadpobudliwość ruchowa, mogą być powodowane przez zaburzenia snu i z tego powodu dzieci z objawami ADHD powinny być diagnozowane również w kierunku zaburzeń snu. Pediatrzy powinni włączyć pytania związane ze snem jako element standardowego wywiadu u dzieci diagnozowanych w kierunku ADHD. W niektórych przypadkach multidyscyplinarne podejście i zespół składający się z pediatrów, psychiatrów, neurologów, psychologów i laryngologów, może zapewnić profesjonalną diagnostykę i terapię zaburzeń snu u dzieci z objawami ADHD.

Słowa kluczowe: Zespół nadpobudliwości psychoruchowej z deficytem, ADHD, sen, problemy ze snem, zaburzenia snu, PLM, RLS, OSA


ABSTRACT
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorder onset in early childhood. The core symptoms are inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. There has been increasing clinical and research interest in the association of and sleep problems in children and ADHD. Many reports have found a high frequency of sleep problems in children with ADHD. Some sleep problems, like partial sleep deprivation, sleep breathing disorder and others, may have the same symptoms especially in children during the day as ADHD symptoms. The aim of the study was presentation of bilateral connections between sleep and ADHD. Prevalence of sleep problems in children with ADHD is 25-50%. The most frequent are the sleep breathing disorder, restless leg syndrome and periodic lib movement on sleep. The symptoms like inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity may be indicated by sleep problems and for this reason this is important to diagnose sleep disorders in children with ADHD symptoms. The pediatricians ought to want to include sleep history questions as part of the standard examination in children with ADHD. In some cases interdisciplinary approach and a team of pediatricians, psychiatrists, neurologists, psychologists and laryngologists can ensure professional diagnosis and treatments of sleep disorders in children with ADHD.

Key words: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD, sleep, sleep problems, PLM, RLS, OSA


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